By Carly Horton
Alaska Journal of Commerce 
Kuna Indians from the San Blas Islands inspect a stump extracted from Gatun Lake, near the Panama Canal, by Anchorage-based marine diving contractor Gunderboom Inc. Gunderboom is training members of the Kuna tribe in basic commercial diving, and to use the equipment and techniques to harvest the trees. Photo courtesy of Gunderboom Inc.
Call them the underwater polar lumberjacks of the Panama Canal.
Anchorage-based Gunderboom Inc. has a contract to recover trees that were submerged during the construction of the Panama Canal in the early 1900s.
The contract is with Ardan International Group, a Panamanian company that pursues environmental projects with an emphasis on working with indigenous peoples. Gunderboom is training members from a local indigenous tribe to help with the project, which will unearth approximately 400 million board feet of lumber that lies in the murky waters of the canal.
An Alaskan company with global vision
Gunderboom provides marine consulting, manufacturing, contracting and commercial diving services. The company was initially invited to Panama by Ardan International, which had concession rights to harvest the trees, to discuss the possibilities of the work.
“We started looking at the environmental aspects of the project,” said company president Hal Dreyer. “Even before we were awarded the contract, we started thinking about how we could recover the trees in an environmentally sustainable manner.”
The United States started building the Panama Canal in 1904. The canal was formed when the adjacent jungle valleys were flooded to create an elevated canal with a series of locks, or massive concrete structures, that lift ships up 85 feet to the main elevation of the canal.
Crews building the structure didn't cut down the trees before the area flooded more than a century ago.
After the U.S. handed over control of the canal to the Panama Canal Authority in 1999, the Panamanian government realized they could extract the trees and sell the hardwood.
The project will benefit the environment. The large number of high-quality trees being extracted is not coming out of the forest.
“For every board foot we extract, that's one less board foot coming out of a green jungle,” Dreyer said.
Also trees decay over time when underwater, and that releases methane and greenhouse gasses. Extracting the trees reduces the amount of gas released into the atmosphere.
Local flavor
The work is primarily being done in two lakes, Gatun Lake and Lake Bayano.
Gatun Lake forms a major part of the Panama Canal. It constitutes more than 20 miles of the raised part of the waterway, and was created by the building of the Gatun Dam across the Chagres River.
Lake Bayano was created during the construction of the Bayano Hydroelectric Dam. It is the second-largest manmade lake in Panama. It is located in Kuna Indian territory.
An American crewmember working in Panama for Gunderboom Inc. is dwarfed by an espave stump, which measures roughly 80 inches in diameter. Gunderboom is harvesting trees submerged underwater when the Panama Canal was built a century ago. Photo courtesy of Gunderboom Inc.
“We've been working on and off trying to develop this project for two years,” Dreyer said. “Over the course of those two years, we've developed a close relationship with the Kuna Indians.”
The Kuna Indians are the indigenous people of Panama and Columbia whose economy is primarily based on agriculture, fishing and international trade.
Gunderboom is training members of the Kuna tribe in basic commercial diving, and to use the equipment and techniques to harvest the trees.
The Kuna speak their native tribal language, and many do not speak Spanish. Dreyer said it's interesting, and challenging at times, to have thee languages being spoken at once.
“Sometimes we have a three-way translation going, with Kuna being translated into Spanish and then into English,” he said.
But according to Dreyer, working with the Panamanian people, and the Kuna in particular, is the most rewarding part of the job.
“The Kuna and all the locals are so interested in learning new skills. They actually enjoy coming to work,” he said. “On weekends we have a facility set up, and you'll see the Kuna reading translation books on their own.”
Rising to the challenge
Gunderboom has faced its share of obstacles on the work. One was just trying to set up business. It took the company three months to set up a bank account.
“The banking community in Panama is very cautious. We never though it would take so long to set up a checking account,” Dreyer said. “In the U.S., you can walk into a bank and open an account the same day. These things don't hit you until you've worked internationally.”
Visibility in the water is fairly low, which Dreyer said is more of an inconvenience than a danger.
But the trees are quite large, some up to 11 feet in diameter at the base.
“It's actually quite hard to cut a large tree,” he said. “The largest chainsaw blade we have is four feet, which isn't big enough to cut through that amount of wood. But we'll figure something out. We'll cross that bridge when we come to it.”
Dreyer said the techniques used to cut down underwater trees are essentially the same methods used on land. Hydraulically driven chainsaws are powered by non-contaminating vegetable oil, and divers receive a supply of air through an oxygen tube. They communicate to workers above water using earphones and a mouthpiece attached to a helmet. They also use underwater sonar and GPS tracking equipment.
Still, with more than 30 different species of trees, Dreyer said he's never sure which type of wood the divers will extract.
“We're finding that the quality of wood is excellent, but you're never sure what you'll be able to sell and get into the market,” he said.
Ardan International markets the wood, which will be used for general construction, flooring and high-end furniture.
Key financial players
Gunderboom is funding the project with a $3 million line of credit from Wells Fargo HSBC Trade Bank, a joint venture set up to mitigate risk and finance middle-market companies looking to export goods overseas or bring new products into the U.S.
The loan carries a 90 percent guarantee from ImEx Bank, a federal government entity that finances U.S. exports by providing loan guarantees, export-credit insurance and direct loans. ImEx Bank started in 1982. For fiscal year 2006, ImEx guaranteed 492 loans for a total of $1.2 billion. It has borrowers in 42 states.
This is largest guarantee ImEx Bank has ever granted to an Alaska company.
Gary Isham, Wells Fargo HSBC Trade Bank senior vice president and northwest regional manager, said there are inherent risks of conducting business overseas, but it is a risk that's worth it because it generates jobs in the U.S.
“The ImEx working capital guarantee program allows us to help companies like Gunderboom by helping structure deals and mitigate risk,” Isham said.
“This is our first working capital deal in Alaska,” he said. “Everyone's pretty excited. Hopefully there will be more momentum in the state now for these types of opportunities.”
Dreyer said the project has proved rewarding overall, but when it comes to working internationally, he stresses due diligence.
“You can't take anything for granted because people do things very differently in other cultures,” he said. “It's quite different out there. It's been a great learning experience.”
